Renal Cancer

Contents
  1. T (Primary tumor)
  2. N (locoregional lymph-nodes)
  3. Μ (Metastases)
  4. T (Main tumor)
  5. Stages
  6. Ν (locoregional lymph-nodes)
  7. Μ (distal metastases)
  8. Nomograms for renal cancer

 

Staging of renal cancer

T (Primary tumor)

Τχ The tumor cannot be assessed
Τ0 There is no evidence of primary tumor
Τ1 Tumor of a diameter of <7 cm confined to the kidney
T1a Tumor of a diameter of ≤4 cm
T1b Tumor of a diameter of >4 cm but ≤7 cm
T2 Tumor of a diameter >7 cm confined to the kidney
T2a Tumor of a diameter of >7 cm but ≤10 cm
T2b Tumor of a diameter of >10 cm
T3 The tumor extends into the large vessels or the perirenal tissues, but not into the adrenal gland or beyond the Gerota fascia
T3a The tumor invades the renal vein or its branches or the perirenal tissues but not beyond the Gerota fascia
T3b The tumor extends macroscopically into the subdiaphragmatic vena cava inferior
T3c The tumor extends macroscopically into the subdiaphragmatic vena cava inferior and invades its wall
T4 The tumor extends beyond the Gerota fascia or also invades directly the ipsilateral adrenal gland

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N (locoregional lymph-nodes)

Νχ The locoregional lymph nodes cannot be assessed.
Ν0 There is no metastasis to the locoregional lymph-nodes.
Ν1 Metastasis in one lymph-node
Ν2 Metastasis in more than one lymph-nodes

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Μ (metastases)

Μχ The presence of distal metastases cannot be assessed
Μ0 There are no distal metastases
Μ1 Presence of distal metastases

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Stages

Stage Ι Τ1 Ν0 Μ0
Stage ΙΙ Τ2 Ν0 Μ0
Stage ΙΙΙ Τ3 Ν0 Μ0 or Τ1,Τ2, Τ3 Ν1 Μ0
Stage IV Τ4 Νevery Μ0 ή Τevery Ν2 Μ0 ή Τevery Νevery Μ1

T (Primary tumor)

Tx The tumor cannot be assessed
T0 There is no evidence of primary tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ
Ta Non-invasive papillary carcinoma
T1 The tumor invades the dermis
T2 The tumor invades the muscular layer
T3

Pelvis: the tumor extends into the peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma Ureter: The tumor extends into the periureteric fat

T4 The tumor extends into adjacent organs or, through the kidney, to the perirenal fat:

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Ν (locoregional lymph-nodes)

Nx The locoregional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 There is no metastasis to the locoregional lymph-nodes
N1 Metastasis in one lymph node of a maximum diameter < 2
N2 Metastasis in one lymph node of a maximum diameter> 2, but <5 cm, or metastases to multiple lymph-nodes, none of which has a diameter > 5 cm
N3 Metastasis in one lymph node of a maximum diameter < 5

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Μ (Distal Metastases)

Mx The presence of distal metastases cannot be assessed
M0 There are no distal metastases
M1 Presence of distal metastases

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Nomograms for renal cancer

Name

 

Special features

General population

What does it calculate?

Risk of renal cancer and prevention

Creator

Harvard School of Public Health

First publication

 

References

 

Institution / name

 

Link

http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu/update/hccpquiz.pl?lang=english&func=home&quiz=kidney

ISUD Evaluation

*

 

Name

 

Special features

Tumor cT1

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of the probability of malignancy of one small renal tumor

Creator

Lane BR, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic

First publication

Lane BR, et al. J Urol. 2007; 178: 429-34

References

44

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=4&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

*

Name

 

Special features

Tumor cT1

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of tumor aggressiveness (Fuhrman grade 3-4)

Creator

 

First publication

 

References

 

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

*

Name

 

Special features

Tumor anatomical features

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of the probability of malignancy and aggressiveness of a renal tumor

Creator

Kutikov A, Fox Chase Cancer Center

First publication

Kutikov A, et al. Eur Urol. 2011; 60: 241-8

References

2

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=56&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

Tumor anatomical features

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of the probability of malignancy and aggressiveness of a renal tumor

Creator

Kutikov A, Fox Chase Cancer Center

First publication

Kutikov A, Uzzo RG. J Urol 2009; 182: 844-53

References

75

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=56&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

 

Name

 

Special features

Tumor anatomical features

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of the probability of having lymph-node metastases

Creator

Hutterer GC, University of Montreal

First publication

Hutterer GC, et al. Int J Cancer. 2007; 121: 2556-61

References

12

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

Tumor anatomical features

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of the probability of having distal metastases

Creator

Hutterer GC, University of Montreal

First publication

Hutterer GC, et al. BJU Int. 2008; 101: 39-43

References

9

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

ΤΝΜ 2002

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of cancer specific mortality over the next 1, 2, 5, 10 years

Creator

Karakiewicz PI, University of Montreal

First publication

Karakiewicz PI, et al. Eur Urol. 2009; 55: 287-95

References

21

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

ΤΝΜ 2002

What does it calculate?

Preoperative assessment of the probability of metastasis 12 years after nephrectomy (radical or partial)

Creator

Raj, GV, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Raj GV, et al.. J Urol. 2008; 179: 2146-51

References

31

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=5&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

ΤΝΜ 2002

What does it calculate?

Immediate postoperative mortality (within the first 30 days)

Creator

Cloutier V, University of Montreal

First publication

Cloutier V, et al. Eur Urol. 2009; 56: 998-1003

References

5

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

ΤΝΜ 2002

What does it calculate?

Risk of renal failure after partial nephrectomy

Creator

 

First publication

 

References

 

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

*

Name

 

Special features

ΤΝΜ 2002

What does it calculate?

Probability to avoid renal failure in the next seven-year period after partial or radical nephrectomy.

Creator

Sorbellini M, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Sorbellini M, et al.. J Urol. 2006; 176: 472-6

References

30

Institution / name

Cleveland Clinic

Link

http://rcc.simpal.com/RCEval.cgi?RCID=arrigas%40ccf.org_kidney%20post%20combo.txt

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

Renal cancer

What does it calculate?

Cancer-specific mortality and from other competing causes in the next five-year period

Creator

Kutikov A, Fox Chase Cancer Center

First publication

Kutikov A, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28: 311-7

References

28

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=3&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

Renal cancer

What does it calculate?

Overall survival, cancer-specific and probability of relapse after nephrectomy for the next 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years

Creator

Zisman Α, University of California School of Medicine (UISS model)

First publication

Zisman A, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20: 4559-66

References

189

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=7&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

Renal cancer

What does it calculate?

5-year relapse-free survival after nephrectomy

Creator

Kattan MW, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Kattan MW, et al. J Urol. 2001; 166: 63-7

References

309

Institution / name

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Link

http://nomograms.mskcc.org/Renal/PostSurgery.aspx

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

Clear-cell carcinomas Τ1a-T3b NOMO

What does it calculate?

5-year relapse-free survival after nephrectomy for the next 1, 2, 5, 10 years

Creator

Sorbellini M, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Sorbellini M, et al. J Urol. 2005; 173: 48-51

References

157

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=8&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

Clear-cell carcinomas

What does it calculate?

Cancer-specific mortality after nephrectomy

Creator

Karakiewicz PI, University of Montreal

First publication

Karakiewicz PI, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25: 1316-22

References

89

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

Clear-cell carcinomas

What does it calculate?

Probability of survival from cancer after nephrectomy for the next 1, 2, 5, 10 years

Creator

Karakiewicz PI, University of Montreal

First publication

Karakiewicz PI, et al. J Urol. 2009; 182: 2607-12

References

4

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Kidney/rcc_calc.php

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

Clear-cell carcinomas

What does it calculate?

Probability of survival from cancer after nephrectomy for the next 1, (3), 5 (7), 10 years

Creator

Thompson RH, Mayo Clinic (Mayo DSSIGN)

First publication

Thompson RH, et al. J Urol. 2007; 177: 477-80

References

22

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=10&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

Clear-cell carcinomas

What does it calculate?

Probability of survival from cancer after nephrectomy for the next 1, (3), 5 (7), 10 years

Creator

Frank I, Mayo Clinic (Mayo SSIGN)

First publication

Frank I, et al. J Urol. 2002; 168: 2395-400

References

320

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=10&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

**

Name

 

Special features

Renal cancer

What does it calculate?

Cancer-specific mortality and life expectancy for the next 15 years after treatment

Creator

Laboratory for Quantitative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

First publication

 

References

 

Institution / name

CancerMath.net (http://www.lifemath.net/cancer/index.html)

Link

http://www.lifemath.net/cancer/renalcell/outcome/index.php

ISUD

*

Name

 

Special features

Renal cancer

What does it calculate?

Overall survival after recurrence of resected cancer over the next 1-5 years

Creator

Eggener SE, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Eggener SE, et al.. J Clin Oncol. 2006; 24: 3101-6

References

41

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=12&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

Renal-cell cancer

What does it calculate?

Overall survival after the onset of classical immunotherapy for the next 1-3 years

Creator

Motzer RJ, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Motzer RJ, et al. J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17: 2530-40

References

594

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=11&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

*

Name

 

Special features

Renal-cell cancer

What does it calculate?

12-month disease-free survival

Creator

Motzer RJ, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Motzer RJ, et al. Cancer. 2008; 113: 1552-8

References

50

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=14&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

*

Name

 

Special features

Renal-cell cancer

What does it calculate?

Protocol of postoperative follow-up of patients with renal cancer

Creator

National Comprehensive Cancer Network

First publication

NCCN Guidelines, Version 2.2012

References

 

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=45&audience=1&status=1

ISUD Evaluation

*

Name

 

Special features

Urothelial cancer of renal pelvis or ureter

What does it calculate?

Assessment of the 5-year survival from cancer after nephrectomy-ureterectomy

Creator

Jeldres C, University of Montreal

First publication

Jeldres C, et al. Cancer. 2010; 116: 3774-84

References

3

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Other/calc_uttc1.php?

ISUD Evaluation

***

Name

 

Special features

Urothelial cancer of renal pelvis or ureter

What does it calculate?

Assessment of cancer-specific mortality in patients with adreno-cortical carcinoma for the next 1 to 2 years from diagnosis

Creator

Zini L, University of Montreal

First publication

Zini L, et al. BJU Int. 2009; 104: 1661-7

References

2

Institution / name

Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal

Link

http://www.nomogram.org/Other/calc_adr1.php?

ISUD Evaluation

***

 

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