Testicular Cancer

Contents
  1. T (primary tumor)
  2. Ν (Retroperitoneal lymph-nodes, clinical assessment)
  3. Μ (Distal metastases, clinical assessment)
  4. Tumor markers (S)
  5. Nomograms for penile cancer

Staging of testicular cancer

Τ (Primary tumor)

pTis Intratubular in situ carcinoma (in situ)
pT1 Tumor confined in the testicular parenchyma and epididymis without vascular / lymphatic infiltration: The tumor can invade the tunica albuginea but not the tunica vaginalis
pT2 Tumor in the testicle and the epididymis with vascular-lymphatic invasion or tumor infiltrating the tunica vaginalis
pT3 Invasion of the spermatic cord with or without vascular / lymphatic infiltration
pT4 Invasion of the scrotum with or without vascular / lymphatic infiltration

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Ν (Retroperitoneal lymph-nodes, clinical assessment)

Ν0 Without lymph node metastasis
Ν1 Lymph-node mass <2 cm or multiple infiltrated lymph nodes, none> 2 cm
Ν2 Lymph-node mass <2-5 cm or multiple infiltrated lymph nodes, none> 5 cm
Ν3 Lymph-node mass > 5 cm

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Μ (Distal metastases, clinical assessment)

Μ0 Absence of distal metastases
Μ1 Presence of distal metastases
Μ1a Invasion of lymph-nodes (except from the retroperitoneal lymph-nodes) or pulmonary metastases 
M1b Distant metastases in liver, brain, bones

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 Tumor markers (S)

S0 Normal tumor markers
S1 LDH < 1,5 times the normal value, β-hCG < 5.000 UI/ml, AFP < 1000 ng/ml
S2 LDH 1,5-10 times the normal value, β-hCG 5.000-50.000 UI/ml, AFP 1000- 10.000 ng/ml
S3 LDH > 10 times the normal value, β-hCG > 50.000 UI/ml, AFP > 10.000 ng/ml

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Nomograms for penile cancer

Name

 

Special features

For advanced testicular tumors from germ cells

What does it calculate?

Probability of complete response to chemotherapy (platinum) in patients with testicular cancer

Creator

Bajorin DF, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

First publication

Bajorin DF, et al. J Clin Oncol. 1998; 16: 707-15

References

19

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=41&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

*

 

Name

 

Special features

For non seminomatous tumors submitted to chemotherapy (cisplatin)

What does it calculate?

Assessment of the 2-year survival of patients with testicular cancer

Creator

Fosså SD, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo

First publication

Fosså SD, et al. Br J Cancer. 1999; 80: 1392-9

References

75

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

http://labs.fccc.edu/nomograms/nomogram.php?id=42&audience=1

ISUD Evaluation

**

 

Name

 

Special features

For non seminomatous tumors submitted to chemotherapy (cisplatin)

What does it calculate?

Staging

Creator

National Comprehensive Cancer Network

First publication

NCCN Guidelines, Version 1.2011

References

 

Institution / name

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA

Link

 

ISUD Evaluation

***

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